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Micmac |
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| Original Source: - Northeast Wigwam - The Micmac | ||
Many people believe the Micmac were the first Native Americans to have contact with Europeans. The Micmac, who originally occupied most of southeastern Canada and northern Maine, were primarily fishermen and hunters. They were also well known for their splint-ash basket making. Today there is just 1 group recognized in the U.S. - the Aroostook Band of Northern Maine with more than 700 members. Source |
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| What does Micmac (Mi'kmaq) mean? | The name Micmac is from mi'kmaq, derivation
uncertain: possible "our
kin-friends" or "people of the red earth." |
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| What are the different spellings? | The most common spelling is Micmac.The words
Mi'kmaw and Mi'kmaq can be confusing to outsiders. "Q" is an
ending for plural nouns in the Mi'kmaw language, just as "S"
is in English. The singular form is Mi'kmaw. So the people call themselves
Mi'kmaq, but talk about a Mi'kmaw man or woman.
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What are Micmac arts and crafts like? |
Famed for their porcupine-quill art, they were
sometimes also known as the Porcupine Indians.
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| Where do the Micmacs live? | Today, most Mi'kmaq people live on the Canadian
side of the border, but one band, the Aroostook, lives in northeastern
Maine.
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| What were Micmac homes like? | The Micmacs didn't live in tepees. They lived
in small conical buildings of wood and birchbark, called wigwams. Today,
Native Americans only build a wigwam for fun or to connect with their
heritage, not for shelter. Most Micmacs live in modern houses and apartment
buildings, just like you.
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| What was Micmac clothing like? | Women often wore a distinctive peaked (pointed)
hat, and men and women would both wear beaded headbands with feathers
sticking up from them. Micmacs didn't usually paint their faces, but sometimes
men would paint them red if they were going into battle. Most Mi'kmaq
men and women wore their hair long. The Micmacs often decorated their
hats and moccasins with beads and porcupine quills. The women wore hide
tunics and long skirts and the men wore breechcloths with leather pant
legs tied on. In colonial times, the Micmacs adapted European costume
such as blouses and jackets, decorating them with fancy beadwork.
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What was their barter system like?
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With insufficient supplies from France, the
Acadians (Micmac?) turned to their neighbors to the south - the English
merchants. These commercial ties, based
on the barter system, constituted a mutual accommodation, albeit unequal,
between two trading partners. For the Acadians, it was a way of disposing
of a surplus of grain, fish, and furs in exchange for manufactured products
(knives, needles, and tableware) and foodstuffs from the West Indies
(sugar, molasses, and rum).
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What kinds of food did they eat and how did they get it?
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The Mi'kmaq were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers.
That means they didn't do much farming and moved around a lot as they
collected food for their families. The Mikmaqs were avid fishermen and
hunters, particularly of caribou and moose. They would also sometimes
take to the sea to harpoon seals, walrus, and even whales. Usually it
was the men who went hunting. Mi'kmaq women would gather berries and wild
plants to add to their diet, harvest squash, collect herbs to use as medicine,
and make maple syrup from tree sap.
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What kinds of games did they play?
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In the past, Indian children had more
chores and less time to play. Teenagers and adults played a stick-and-ball
game
that was a precursor to hockey.
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What kinds of stories do the Micmac tell?
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There are lots of traditional Mi'kmaq legends
and fairy tales. Storytelling is very important to the Mi'kmaq culture.
One famous legend is about Glooscap (Gluskabe), the culture hero of the
Wabanaki tribes, and another is about Rabbit and the Moon.
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What was their transportation like? |
The Micmac Indian tribe was well-known for
their birchbark canoes.Canoeing is still popular within the Mi'kmaq nation,
though few people handcraft their own canoe from birch bark anymore. When
they were on dry land, Mi'kmaq people usually just walked, though they
did have snowshoes and toboggans to help them in the winter ('toboggan'
is a Micmac word, in fact.)
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